JIFUNZE NAMNA YA KUENDESHA BIASHARA YAKO HAPA KWA HUYU NDUGU.

KAMA UNA NDOTO YA #KUJIJIRI AU KUFANYA #BIASHARA USIOGOPE ILA JIFUNZE KIDOGO HAPA!

Naitwa Andrea.
Na nakutana na watu wengi kila siku ambao wamechoka kuajiriwa na wanataka kufanya kitu cha kwao wenyewe. Na siyo mbaya.

Lakini kama wewe pia una mpango wa kufanya biashara basi tambua mapema kabisa kuwa kuna biashara za aina mbili:

1. Moja ni biashara zinazoweza kukutengenezea pesa na
2. Mbili ni biashara zinazoweza kukufanikisha.

Changamoto ipo kwenye kuzitofautisha.
Watu wengi wamejikuta wanaanza biashara na hawapati mafanikio yoyote kibiashara sababu toka wanaanza hawakujua mafanikio kwenye biashara yanaletwa na nini.. wengi wanafikiri ukianzisha biashara yoyote ile halafu ukafanya kazi tu kwa bidii basi utafanikiwa!

Ukweli ni kwamba kufanya kazi kwa bidii tu haisaidii chochote kama unachofanya ni the WRONG BUSINESS. Hujawahi kuona mtu ameanza biashara mahali na ana bidii ya kufa mtu lakini hafanikiwi. See? Lazima kwanza ujue kama biashara unayotaka kufanya ina potential ya kukufanikisha.

Idadi ya watu inaongezeka nchini kwetu na duniani kila mwaka. Ulisikia Tanzania tulikuwa watu milioni 45 hivi miaka kadhaa iliyopita lakini sasa hivi ni zaidi ya milioni 52. Watu wameongezeka kweli kweli.

Hii inamaana wahitaji wa bidhaa (wateja) wanaongezeka..si ndiyo? Mfano watu wanaohitaji kula, kuvaa, kuoga, kusafiri, nk wameongezeka.

Lakini wafanyabiashara wengi wanahangaika kupata wateja! Swali la kujiuliza ni mbona population inaongezeka halafu huyu mfanyabishara anasema hakuna wateja wakati wenzake wanazidi kupata wateja wengi zaidi?

Tatizo ni kuwa watu wengi wanatamani sana kufanya biashara na wengi wao hukurupukia ulimwengu wa biashara bila MAARIFA sahihi #machache tu ya msingi ya biashara.

Ni muhimu ukawa na maarifa hayo machache ya msingi ili sasa ukiamua kufanya biashara angalau unakuwa siyo tu kuwa unawekeza hela zako kwa kuwa umeambiwa eti biashara fulani inalipa. Bila maarifa utaendelea kusema vyuma vimekaza wakati wenzako wanapata pesa kumbe hujui tu kuwa tatizo ni huna maarifa sahihi tena machache.

Kwa mfano kila "era" ya maisha ina biashara zake. Biashara za miaka ya 70, 80 na 90 ni tofauti sana na za zama hizi za miaka ya 2000+. Ndo maana Mark Zuckerberg alianzisha Facebook mwaka 2004 tu lakini leo ni tajiri namba 5 kwa utajiri duniani na kuna watu walianza mwaka 70 na hawajafika mbali. Simaanishi kudhalilisha chochote no najaribu tu kufafanua kitu. Unielewe. So why Zuckerberg amefika mbali hivyo kwa muda mfupi?

Sababu anaoperate katika biashara ya zama hizi. Angeamua kufungua saluni mwaka 2004 nayo ingekuwa biashara tu tena ni nzuri na marafiki huenda wangemsifia kuwa anajituma ni mchakarikaji nk lakini hakika asingekuwa alipo leo.

Kuna watu huniambia "Lakini kaka Andrea hakuna biashara isiyolipa bwana" Na mi huwajibu tu kuwa "Of course hakuna ila kuna tofauti ya #kukulipa na #kukufanikisha" Na huwa nawauliza "Wewe unataka biashara ya kukulipa tu au ya kukufanikisha?"

Malipo siyo ishu. Mshahara ni malipo pia lakini si rahisi yakakufanikisha kiuchumi. Na biashara ziko hivyo. Inabidi uwe tayari kujifunza kujua biashara ipi itanipa tu pesa na ipi itanifanikisha kiuchumi. Hushangai kwa nini HAKUNA tajiri mwenye duka au saluni nk. Kwani hawana mitaji ya kufungua maduka au saluni?

Jibu ni kuwa kama kulivyo na makazi ya maskini na ya matajiri, mavazi ya kimaskini na ya matajiri, magari ya kimaskini na ya kitajiri nk ndivyo kulivyo na biashara za #kimaskini na za #kitajiri. Tatizo siyo bidhaa. Mfano karanga. Diamond anatumia mfumo wa kitajiri. Karanga zinamfanikisha.
Hana duka na anauza kuliko wenye maduka. Wao wanapata tu pesa. Yeye anafanikiwa. Vitu hivi hutavifahamu kirahisi kama badala ya kujifunza vitu vya aina hii wewe utabakia kushabikia posts za watu wanaojadili vitu visivyo na faida yoyote kwako kibiashara. Tumia mitandao ya kijamii vizuri utashangaa jinsi utakavyopata maarifa makubwa sana ya kukufaa. Huwezi kusema unataka kuwa mfanyabiashara wakati muda mwingi unautumia kuangalia clip za umbea tu na vikatuni katuni. Delete hivyo vitu from your phone. Biashara ni kitu serious.
Be serious pia.

Je, Unafaham matumizi ya kifaa hiki?

Unaweza ukajiuliza ni kitu gani hiki na kinafanya nini. Hii ni parabolic antenna au dish. Huwa linatafuta satellite lenyewe yaani AUTO TRACK kutokana na setting / configuration zilizofanyika kwenye receiver au kingamuzi chake. Sana hii na maalumu sana kwenye boat au Meli. Uliza hapo kwa kukoment then nitakufafanulia zaid.

ATHARI ZA MAFUTA TUNAYOTUMIA. Soma kwa faida yako

LEHEMU

Lehemu au maararufu kama cholesterol kwa Kiingereza ni aina ya fati kama nta (wax), ambayo huwa kwenye damu ikizunguka sehemu mbalimbali mwilini. Ni sehemu muhimu sana ya kuta za seli za mwili, homoni za mfumo wa uzazi, Vitamini D na kuta za mishipa ya fahamu.

Je, kuna aina ngapi za lehemu?

Lehemu hupatikana kwenye damu kama lipoproteins (muunganiko wa lehemu na protini). Lipoproteins muhimu ni;

• Very Low Density Lipoprotieins (VLDL)
• Low density Lipoproteins(LDL) na
• High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).

VLDL na LDL hubeba lehemu kutoka kwenye ini na kuipeleka kwenye seli mbalimbali kwa ajili ya kazi za mwili. HDL  huondoa lehemu ambayo haijatumika au imezidi kwenye seli za mwili na kuirudisha kwenye ini ili ivunjwevunjwe na kutolewa kama uchafu.

Lehemu  Yenye Athari  Mbaya kwa Afya.

Kama tulivyoona kuna aina tofauti za lehemu kwenye damu, sio zote zina athari mbaya kwa afya. LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) ni  lehemu mbaya pale inapozidi kwenye damu. HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) huwa haina madhara mabaya pale inapozidi kwenye damu, ila ikipungua zaidi ya kawaida na LDL kuongezeka huleta hatari kwa afya.

Vyanzo Vya Lehemu

Kwa kawaida mwili hupata lehemu kutoka kwenye;

• Ini ambalo hutengeneza karibu asilimia 75 ya lehemu yote mwilini.
• Vyakula mbalimbali vya mafuta ambavyo huchangia asilimia 25 ya lehemu.

Vitu vinavyosababiisha mwili kutengeneza lehemu nyingi zaidi ya kawaida.

Lehemu hatari zaidi ni ile inayotengenezwa na ini kuliko ile inayopatikana kwenye chakula. Magonjwa ya kurithi ya utengenezaji wa lehemu na tabia za ulaji vyakula huchangia  ini kutengeneza lehemu nyingi zaidi ya kawaida. Ulaji wa vyakula vya fati ambazo ni saturated na trans saturated huongeza kasi ya ini kutengeneza lehemu. Pia kutofanya mazoezi na uvutaji sigara huchangia lehemu kuongezeka.

Vyakula Vinavyoongeza Lehemu Mwilini

Saturated fats hupatikana hasa kutokana na vyakula vya wanyama kama nyama nyekundu, maziwa (whole milk), siagi, hotdogsna transaturated fats hupatikana  kwenye margarines (kama blueband, kimbo na mafuta mengine ya kuganda), chipsi za kukaanga, keki, biskuti, vyakula vya kukaangwa kwenye makopo.

Unsaturated fats zinapatikana zaidi kwenye mafuta ya mimea kama pamba, alizeti, zeituni (Olive), karanga, mawese, soya, canola,mahindi na maparachichi. Pia samaki wana unsaturated fats aina ya omega-3 na omega-6. Aina hizi za fati husaidia kuongeza HDL kwenye damu ambayo huondoa lehemu inayozidi kwenye seli na mishipa ya damu, hivyo ni vizuri kutumia mafuta ya mimea katika chakula kuliko ya wanyama.

Lehemu ina uhusiano gani na ugonjwa wa moyo?

LDL inapozidi kwenye damu huachia lehemu ambayo huenda kujikusanya ndani ya mishipa ya damu  na ya moyo polepole kitendo kiitwacho atherosclerosis. Hali hii huweza kusababisha mishipa ya damu ya moyo kuziba na hivyo kutokea heart attack kutokana na baadhi ya misuli ya moyo kukosa damu na moyo kushindwa kufanya kazi vizuri.

Lehemu ina uhusiano gani na shinikizo la damu la kupanda (hypertension) na kiharusi (stroke)?

Hali hii ya kujaa kwa lehemu kwenye mishipa ya damu hupunguza ukubwa wa tundu la mishipa ya damu, na hivyo kusababisha damu kupita kwa presha kubwa zaidi. Hali hii huendelea na kusababisha presha ya damu kuongezeka mwili mzima na hivyo kuwa shinikizo la damu la kupanda (hypertension).

Kwenye mishipa ya damu inayoingia kwenye ubongo, lehemu ikijaa huweza kuziba mishipa hiyo au kuchangia ipasuke na hivyo kusababisha kiharusi (stroke).

Nifanye nini kujua kama kiwangi cha lehemu yangu kwenye damu ni cha kawaida?

Ili kuweza kujua kiwango cha lehemu kwenye damu yako, kipimo cha Lipid (lipoprotein) Profile hufanyika hospitalini. Hiki hupima aina za fati kwenye damu yako ikijumuisha kiasi chote cha cholesterol, LDL,HDL na triglycerides (aina nyingine ya fati).

Njia za kupunguza lehemu mwilini.

Lehemu inapozidi kwenye damu inaongeza hatari ya kupata magonjwa ya moyo, shinikizo la damu la kupanda na kiharusi, hivyo ni muhimu kupunguza kiwango cha lehemu kwenye damu. Kuna njia zifuatazo;

• Kufanya mazoezi
• Kupunguza vyakula vyenye fati
• Kula matunda, mboga za majani na nafaka zisizokobolewa zaidi kwenye mlo wako.
• Kupunguza uzito kama mtu ana uzito mkubwa.
• Kuacha kuvuta sigara
• Kupunguza unywaji wa pombe.
• Kutumia dawa za kupunguza lehemu, dawa hizi huitwa statins. Dawa hizi hutolewa kwa maelekezo ya daktari.

JIFUNZE KUJIBU MASWALI KWENYE USAIL/INTERVIEW . Maswali 25 muhimu na majibu yake

The 25 most difficult questions you'll be asked on a job interview
Being prepared is half the battle.
If you are one of those executive types unhappy at your present post and embarking on a New Year's resolution to find a new one, here's a helping hand. The job interview is considered to be the most critical aspect of every expedition that brings you face-to- face with the future boss. One must prepare for it with the same tenacity and quickness as one does for a fencing tournament or a chess match. 

This article has been excerpted from "PARTING COMPANY: How to Survive the Loss of a Job and Find Another Successfully" by William J. Morin and James C. Cabrera. Copyright by Drake Beam Morin, inc. Publised by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 

Morin is chairman and Cabrera is president of New York-based Drake Beam Morin, nation's major outplacement firm, which has opened offices in Philadelphia. 

1. Tell me about yourself.

Since this is often the opening question in an interview, be extracareful that you don't run off at the mouth. Keep your answer to a minute or two at most. Cover four topics: early years, education, work history, and recent career experience. Emphasize this last subject. Remember that this is likely to be a warm-up question. Don't waste your best points on it.
2. What do you know about our organization?
You should be able to discuss products or services, revenues, reputation, image, goals, problems, management style, people, history and philosophy. But don't act as if you know everything about the place. Let your answer show that you have taken the time to do some research, but don't overwhelm the interviewer, and make it clear that you wish to learn more.

You might start your answer in this manner: "In my job search, I've investigated a number of companies.

Yours is one of the few that interests me, for these reasons..."

Give your answer a positive tone. Don't say, "Well, everyone tells me that you're in all sorts of trouble, and that's why I'm here", even if that is why you're there.
3. Why do you want to work for us?
The deadliest answer you can give is "Because I like people." What else would you like-animals?

Here, and throughout the interview, a good answer comes from having done your homework so that you can speak in terms of the company's needs. You might say that your research has shown that the company is doing things you would like to be involved with, and that it's doing them in ways that greatly interest you. For example, if the organization is known for strong management, your answer should mention that fact and show that you would like to be a part of that team. If the company places a great deal of emphasis on research and development, emphasize the fact that you want to create new things and that you know this is a place in which such activity is encouraged. If the organization stresses financial controls, your answer should mention a reverence for numbers.

If you feel that you have to concoct an answer to this question - if, for example, the company stresses research, and you feel that you should mention it even though it really doesn't interest you- then you probably should not be taking that interview, because you probably shouldn't be considering a job with that organization.

Your homework should include learning enough about the company to avoid approaching places where you wouldn't be able -or wouldn't want- to function. Since most of us are poor liars, it's difficult to con anyone in an interview. But even if you should succeed at it, your prize is a job you don't really want.
4. What can you do for us that someone else can't?

Here you have every right, and perhaps an obligation, to toot your own horn and be a bit egotistical. Talk about your record of getting things done, and mention specifics from your resume or list of career accomplishments. Say that your skills and interests, combined with this history of getting results, make you valuable. Mention your ability to set priorities, identify problems, and use your experience and energy to solve them.
5. What do you find most attractive about this position? What seems least attractive about it?
List three or four attractive factors of the job, and mention a single, minor, unattractive item.
6. Why should we hire you?

Create your answer by thinking in terms of your ability, your experience, and your energy. (See question 4.)
7. What do you look for in a job?
Keep your answer oriented to opportunities at this organization. Talk about your desire to perform and be recognized for your contributions. Make your answer oriented toward opportunity rather than personal security.
8. Please give me your definition of [the position for which you are being interviewed].

Keep your answer brief and task oriented. Think in in terms of responsibilities and accountability. Make sure that you really do understand what the position involves before you attempt an answer. If you are not certain. ask the interviewer; he or she may answer the question for you.
9. How long would it take you to make a meaningful contribution to our firm?
Be realistic. Say that, while you would expect to meet pressing demands and pull your own weight from the first day, it might take six months to a year before you could expect to know the organization and its needs well enough to make a major contribution.
10. How long would you stay with us?

Say that you are interested in a career with the organization, but admit that you would have to continue to feel challenged to remain with any organization. Think in terms of, "As long as we both feel achievement-oriented."
11. Your resume suggests that you may be over-qualified or too experienced for this position. What's Your opinion?

Emphasize your interest in establishing a long-term association with the organization, and say that you assume that if you perform well in his job, new opportunities will open up for you. Mention that a strong company needs a strong staff. Observe that experienced executives are always at a premium. Suggest that since you are so well qualified, the employer will get a fast return on his investment. Say that a growing, energetic company can never have too much talent.
12. What is your management style?

You should know enough about the company's style to know that your management style will complement it. Possible styles include: task oriented (I'll enjoy problem-solving identifying what's wrong, choosing a solution and implementing it"), results-oriented ("Every management decision I make is determined by how it will affect the bottom line"), or even paternalistic ("I'm committed to taking care of my subordinates and pointing them in the right direction").

A participative style is currently quite popular: an open-door method of managing in which you get things done by motivating people and delegating responsibility.

As you consider this question, think about whether your style will let you work hatppily and effectively within the organization.
13. Are you a good manager? Can you give me some examples? Do you feel that you have top managerial potential?

Keep your answer achievement and ask-oriented. Rely on examples from your career to buttress your argument. Stress your experience and your energy.
14. What do you look for when You hire people?
Think in terms of skills. initiative, and the adaptability to be able to work comfortably and effectively with others. Mention that you like to hire people who appear capable of moving up in the organization.
15. Have you ever had to fire people? What were the reasons, and how did you handle the situation?
Admit that the situation was not easy, but say that it worked out well, both for the company and, you think, for the individual. Show that, like anyone else, you don't enjoy unpleasant tasks but that you can resolve them efficiently and -in the case of firing someone- humanely.
16. What do you think is the most difficult thing about being a manager or executive?

Mention planning, execution, and cost-control. The most difficult task is to motivate and manage employess to get something planned and completed on time and within the budget.
17. What important trends do you see in our industry?

Be prepared with two or three trends that illustrate how well you understand your industry. You might consider technological challenges or opportunities, economic conditions, or even regulatory demands as you collect your thoughts about the direction in which your business is heading.
18. Why are you leaving (did you leave) your present (last) job?
Be brief, to the point, and as honest as you can without hurting yourself. Refer back to the planning phase of your job search. where you considered this topic as you set your reference statements. If you were laid off in an across-the-board cutback, say so; otherwise, indicate that the move was your decision, the result of your action. Do not mention personality conflicts.

The interviewer may spend some time probing you on this issue, particularly if it is clear that you were terminated. The "We agreed to disagree" approach may be useful. Remember hat your references are likely to be checked, so don't concoct a story for an interview.
19. How do you feel about leaving all your benefits to find a new job?
Mention that you are concerned, naturally, but not panicked. You are willing to accept some risk to find the right job for yourself. Don't suggest that security might interest you more than getting the job done successfully.
20. In your current (last) position, what features do (did) you like the most? The least?
Be careful and be positive. Describe more features that you liked than disliked. Don't cite personality problems. If you make your last job sound terrible, an interviewer may wonder why you remained there until now.
21. What do you think of your boss?

Be as positive as you can. A potential boss is likely to wonder if you might talk about him in similar terms at some point in the future.
22. Why aren't you earning more at your age?

Say that this is one reason that you are conducting this job search. Don't be defensive.
23. What do you feel this position should pay?

Salary is a delicate topic. We suggest that you defer tying yourself to a precise figure for as long as you can do so politely. You might say, "I understand that the range for this job is between $______ and $______. That seems appropriate for the job as I understand it." You might answer the question with a question: "Perhaps you can help me on this one. Can you tell me if there is a range for similar jobs in the organization?"

If you are asked the question during an initial screening interview, you might say that you feel you need to know more about the position's responsibilities before you could give a meaningful answer to that question. Here, too, either by asking the interviewer or search executive (if one is involved), or in research done as part of your homework, you can try to find out whether there is a salary grade attached to the job. If there is, and if you can live with it, say that the range seems right to you.

If the interviewer continues to probe, you might say, "You know that I'm making $______ now. Like everyone else, I'd like to improve on that figure, but my major interest is with the job itself." Remember that the act of taking a new job does not, in and of itself, make you worth more money.

If a search firm is involved, your contact there may be able to help with the salary question. He or she may even be able to run interference for you. If, for instance, he tells you what the position pays, and you tell him that you are earning that amount now and would Like to do a bit better, he might go back to the employer and propose that you be offered an additional 10%.

If no price range is attached to the job, and the interviewer continues to press the subject, then you will have to restpond with a number. You cannot leave the impression that it does not really matter, that you'll accept whatever is offered. If you've been making $80,000 a year, you can't say that a $35,000 figure would be fine without sounding as if you've given up on yourself. (If you are making a radical career change, however, this kind of disparity may be more reasonable and understandable.)

Don't sell yourself short, but continue to stress the fact that the job itself is the most important thing in your mind. The interviewer may be trying to determine just how much you want the job. Don't leave the impression that money is the only thing that is important to you. Link questions of salary to the work itself.

But whenever possible, say as little as you can about salary until you reach the "final" stage of the interview process. At that point, you know that the company is genuinely interested in you and that it is likely to be flexible in salary negotiations.
24. What are your long-range goals?

Refer back to the planning phase of your job search. Don't answer, "I want the job you've advertised." Relate your goals to the company you are interviewing: 'in a firm like yours, I would like to..."
25. How successful do you you've been so far?
Say that, all-in-all, you're happy with the way your career has progressed so far. Given the normal ups and downs of life, you feel that you've done quite well and have no complaints.

Present a positive and confident picture of yourself, but don't overstate your case. An answer like, "Everything's wonderful! I can't think of a time when things were going better! I'm overjoyed!" is likely to make an interviewer wonder whether you're trying to fool him . . . or yourself. The most convincing confidence is usually quiet confidence.